Chimes at Midnight

Based on five different plays by William Shakespeare and Holinshed’s Chronicles by Ralph Holinshed, Chimes at Midnight is the story of a knight and his relationship with a prince who is forced to make a decision on whom he should be loyal to. Written for the screen, starred, costume designed, and directed by Orson Welles, the film is an unconventional take on the work of Shakespeare with Welles playing the role of Sir John Falstaff as it explores friendship and loyalty. Also starring Keith Baxter, Margaret Rutherford, John Gielgud, Jeanne Moreau, Norman Rodway, Marina Vlady, Fernando Rey, and narration by Ralph Richardson. Chimes at Midnight is a rapturous and evocative film from Orson Welles.

The film is set during the final days of Henry IV of England (John Gielgud) as it revolves around his son who spends much of his time with the knight Sir John Falstaff into a world of mischief as he is primed to be next in line for the throne despite opposition from relatives who want to have Edmund Mortimer released as he is the true heir to the throne. It’s a film that explores not just destiny but also a young man torn between two figures who are guiding him into manhood. Orson Welles’ screenplay is filled with a lot of the monologues and character study that William Shakespeare is known for in the plays that Welles would compile into the script. All of which play into the idea of identity and all of the glories an identity could bring where Falstaff is at the center of everything as he wants to be an influence to Prince Hal (Keith Baxter) knowing he is next in line. Yet, Hal does want to get the approval of his father where he would try to win it during a battle against a rebellion where he would go up against a prominent knight. Unfortunately, he would also see what Falstaff wants as it adds to this internal conflict that Hal would endure.

Welles’ direction is definitely stylish for the air of theatricality that he would maintain throughout the film as it would play into this world of 15th Century decadence with an air of 20th Century energy. Shot on location in Spain, Welles would use the desert landscape to play into the scope of the world that the characters are in. Notably with the castles and the tavern where much of the action occurs in the latter as it is a place where Falstaff and his band of brothers can enjoy themselves. While Welles would use some wide shots of the tavern to showcase the liveliness whether it’s in a big group dance or in a conversation scene involving Falstaff and Hal as there’s characters in the background such as a young page (Beatrice Welles), the tavern hostess Mistress Quickly (Margaret Rutherford), and the prostitute Doll Tearsheet (Jeanne Moreau). He would also create some close-ups and medium shots to capture some of the emotional aspects in the film including shots in the battle scenes.

The battle scenes is a highlight as it has a lot of action but also some offbeat humor as it relates to the armor that Falstaff is wearing which is designed by Welles who would also be the film’s costume designer. While there is a lot of stylistic elements that Welles would include in the film, he does maintain the theatricality needed in scenes where there are these long monologues such as the one Henry IV gives in the aftermath of the battles as it play into his own mortality as well as what the future holds. The third act is where Welles shines as a filmmaker where he would use some low camera angles to play into Hal’s acceptance into the role he is in but also what he had to sacrifice as it relates to Falstaff and his influence. Notably as what Falstaff would have to see when Hal becomes king as it would mark the end of something that he is forced to accept as well. Overall, Welles creates an intoxicating yet compelling film about a young man trying to cope with his destiny and the influence of a decadent knight.

Cinematographer Edmond Richard does brilliant work with the film’s black-and-white photography to play into the look of some of the interiors inside the castles as well as the scenes at the tavern and the exterior shots set at night. Editors Fritz Mueller, Elena Jaumandreu, and Peter Parasheles do excellent work with the editing as it is stylized with some jump-cuts in its approach to the action and conversations involving different characters. Production designer Mariano Erdozia and set decorator Jose Antonio de la Guerra do amazing work with the look of the tavern as well as some of the interior of the different castles including Henry IV’s palace. The sound work of Luis Castro is terrific for the way the sound is captured in the tavern and at the castles along with the chaos during the battle scene. The film’s music by Angelo Francesco Lavagnino is superb for its orchestral bombast and flourishes along with some somber string pieces to play into the drama.

The film’s incredible cast feature some notable small roles and appearances from Tony Beckley and Patrick Bedford in their respective roles as Falstaff’s friends Ned Poins and Bardolf, Walter Chiari as Justice Silence, Michael Aldrige as another friend of Falstaff in Pistol, Jose Nieto as the Earl of Northnumberland who rebels against Henry IV, Alan Webb as another country justice official in Justice Shallow who is a friend of Falstaff, Fernando Rey as the Earl of Worcester that is Northnumberland’s brother that is trying to get his cousin Edmund Mortimer in line for the throne, Beatrice Welles as Falstaff’s page who helps him with a few duties, Marina Vlady as Hotspur’s wife Kate Percy, and Norman Rodway as Northnumberland’s son Hotspur who is trying to aid in the rebellion where he would face off against Hal. Margaret Rutherford is fantastic as Mistress Quickly as the tavern hostess who is trying to maintain order in her tavern which is a place of escape for Falstaff and his friends.

Jeanne Moreau is excellent as Doll Tearsheet as a prostitute who lives in the tavern that is a lover of Falstaff as she deals with the chaos around him as well as spout insults at others while displaying elements of sentimentality over what will happen to Hal. John Gielgud is incredible as King Henry IV as a man that is trying to deal with the rebellion as well as Falstaff’s influence on his son where he would deal with his own mortality in a monologue that is just engaging to watch. Keith Baxter is brilliant as Prince Hal as a young man torn between his duties as prince but also the influence of Falstaff whom he sees as a father figure where he wonders if he’s being used. Finally, there’s Orson Welles in a phenomenal performance as Sir John Falstaff as a knight that is literally larger than life as a man that is the embodiment of decadence where he hopes to become a nobleman unaware that times are changing with him having no role in this new world.

Chimes at Midnight is a sensational film from Orson Welles. Featuring a great cast, gorgeous visuals, a sumptuous music score, and a script that meshes many of William Shakespeare’s play into a study of loyalty, identity, and ambition. It’s a film that display many of Welles’ hallmarks of grand visuals to play into a man who tries to influence a younger man into a world of decadence instead of duty. In the end, Chimes at Midnight is a tremendous film from Orson Welles.

Orson Welles Films: Citizen Kane - The Magnificent Ambersons - The Strangers (1946 film) - The Lady from Shanghai - Macbeth (1948 film) - Othello (1952 film) - Mr. Arkadin – Touch of Evil - The Trial (1962 film) - The Immortal Story – F for Fake - Filming Othello – The Other Side of the Wind

Related: Orson Welles: The One-Man Band - The Eyes of Orson Welles - They’ll Love Me When I’m Dead - The Auteurs #69: Orson Welles: Part 1 - Part 2

© thevoid99 2017

The Portait of a Lady

Based on the novel by Henry James, The Portrait of a Lady is the story of an American woman who travels to Europe with her inheritance to confront her destiny while meeting two American expatriates who would change her fortunes for the worse. Directed by Jane Campion and screenplay by Laura Jones, the film is an exploration of an independent woman who seeks to make something of herself only to be trapped by the world that she‘s chosen. Starring Nicole Kidman, Barbara Hershey, John Malkovich, Mary-Louise Parker, Martin Donovan, Viggo Mortensen, Christian Bale, Valentina Cervi, Richard E. Grant, Shelley Winters, Shelley Duvall, and John Gielgud. The Portrait of a Lady is an enchanting yet intoxicating film from Jane Campion.

The film is an exploration into the life of an American woman in the 1870s who craves independence and wants to explore the world as she’s been given an inheritance by her uncle. With her inheritance, Isabel Archer (Nicole Kidman) travels through Europe where she meets Madame Serena Merle (Barbara Hershey) whom she met in England some time earlier as Merle would introduce her to another American expatriate in Gilbert Osmond (John Malkovich). After rejecting several proposals from many suitors including her cousin Ralph (Martin Donovan), Isabel marries Gilbert only for the marriage to be not what it seemed as Isabel becomes concerned for the well-being of her stepdaughter Pansy (Valentina Cervi). Isabel is forced to face the destiny she’s chosen as she finds herself lost while coming to the conclusion that she’s driven away those she was close to but also couldn’t help those who really need her.

Laura Jones’ screenplay creates this very complex story as it plays into the world of Isabel Archer as the first act is about her in England as she’s approached by suitors including Lord Warburton (Richard E. Grant), Boston mill heir Casper Goodwood (Viggo Mortensen), and her cousin Ralph Touchett. They all mean well but Archer wants more as she knows that the world is changing as her friend Henrietta (Mary-Louise Parker) is already acting like a modern woman. Upon meeting Madame Merle and gaining her inheritance, Isabel is convinced that she will get the chance to live a life of great wonderment and independence where she meets Gilbert Osmond who shares her ideas about the world. Much of the first half is about Isabel’s search for herself and meeting Madame Merle and Osmond as they have plans about what to do with Isabel’s inheritance which brings a lot of suspicion from Ralph.

The film’s second half in the story is much darker where Isabel has to deal with not just the decision she made but also the people she unknowingly drove away like Ralph, Henrietta, and the suitors who still wanted her. The men would question about her happiness which Isabel chooses to dismiss them as she finds herself constrained by Gilbert’s world and what he wants as it takes a toll on her and his daughter Pansy who has fallen for a nice young man in Edward Rosier (Christian Bale) whom Gilbert dislikes. With Ralph becoming ill and Isabel realizing what she’s done, she finds herself in conflict about what to do and who to help. Even as she learns some truths about who is Pansy’s mother as well as into why Madame Merle would introduce her to Gilbert.

Jane Campion’s direction is really filled with exotic imagery and ravishing compositions in not just the way she creates the world of late 19th Century Europe but also a world that is changing where a woman like Isabel Archer seems to be part of these changes. It plays into this interesting conflict between the ideas of the Old World and New World where Campion creates a lot of scenes where it feels like the New World is emerging into the Old World and with new ideas. Even as she brings in some unique images in the way she puts the actors into a frame or how she captures a certain location like Italy and Britain where it’s starting to come in to the modern world. Even as Campion would use mirrors and glass to play into Isabel’s emotions as the world is changing where she’s oblivious to how bad things can become.

There’s also some unique visual effects sequences that Campion does that includes a montage of Archer traveling with Merle in different places of the world in surreal black-and-white images. All of which would play into the de-evolution of Archer as Campion’s presentation would become darker. Even as Campion would create slanted camera angles to play into a world that is returning to the old ways where things are becoming more complicated and constrained. Largely as the framing becomes tighter to play out the drama that is unfolding. Even as it would play into an ending where it’s not just about loss but uncertainty. Overall, Campion creates a very ethereal yet haunting film about a woman’s search for her identity in an ever-changing world.

Cinematographer Stuart Dryburgh does fantastic work with the film‘s very colorful cinematography from the use of colors for many of the film‘s first half to play out something natural in some of its exterior and interior settings to more usage of filters in a few scenes set in the winter along with some lighting schemes for the interiors including Pansy‘s cotillion party. Editor Veronika Jenet does brilliant work in the editing as she incorporates a lot of stylistic cuts from the use of dissolves and jump-cuts along with transitional fade-outs to play with its structure. Production/costume designer Janet Patterson and supervising art director Martin Childs do amazing work with the set pieces and costumes from the look of the homes the characters live in to the dresses that Isabel and other female characters wear.

Hair/makeup designer Peter King does terrific work with the hair styles that the women wear in the film along with some of facial hair that some of the men sport. Visual effects supervisor Kent Houston does nice work with some of the film‘s minimal visual effects to play up into Isabel‘s fantasies as well as her trip around the world. Sound designer Lee Smith does superb work with the sound to play into the intimacy of some of the locations and scenes as well as the parties that occur in the film. The film’s music by Wojciech Kilar is excellent for its flourishing and broad orchestral score that features sweeping string arrangements to play out the drama while its soundtrack also includes lots of classical pieces by Johann Strauss, Franz Schubert, and Johann Sebastian Bach.

The casting by Johanna Ray is incredible for the ensemble that is created as it features small yet notable appearances from Shelley Winters as Isabel’s aunt, Shelley Duvall as Gilbert’s flighty yet sympathetic sister Countess Gemini, and John Gielgud as Isabel’s uncle who would be the one to give her the inheritance. Viggo Mortensen and Richard E. Grant are terrific in their respective roles as Isabel’s suitors Caspar Goodwood and Lord Warburton where the latter is offered the chance to marry Pansy while Christian Bale is superb in a small but memorable role as Pansy’s young suitor Edward Rosier. Valentina Cervi is wonderful as Pansy whom Isabel cherishes as she’s a young woman who is confused by what she wants but to also please her father. Mary Louise-Parker is excellent as Isabel’s friend Henrietta who encourages Isabel to be independent only to realize where she ended up as she tries to help the ailing Ralph.

Martin Donovan is amazing as Isabel’s cousin Ralph who is devoted to her as he watches her be wooed by Gilbert from afar while dealing with his illness and what is happening to her. Barbara Hershey is fantastic as Madame Serena Merle as a woman who charms Isabel into confronting her destiny only to have things go too far as she realizes the damage that she caused. John Malkovich is marvelous as Gilbert Osmond as a man who marries Isabel in the hopes to become rich and powerful as he becomes controlling into ensuring what he wants and such. Finally, there’s Nicole Kidman in a tremendous performance as Isabel Archer as she goes from this independent yet ambitious woman wanting to seek new adventures in an ever-changing world only to fall prey by a couple of American expatriates who would trap her into something very dark as she tries to comprehend the decisions she’s made and who to help as Kidman brings a lot of grace and melancholia to her role.

The Portrait of a Lady is an exhilarating yet brooding film from Jane Campion that features an amazing leading performance from Nicole Kidman. Along with a great supporting cast as well as very strong themes on identity, destiny, and modernism. The film isn’t just this fascinating portrait of a woman trying to keep up and embrace the new world but also deal with the ideas of an older world that prove that some things don’t change. In the end, The Portrait of a Lady is a remarkable film from Jane Campion.

Jane Campion Films: Sweetie - An Angel at My Table - The Piano - Holy Smoke! - In the Cut - Bright Star - Top of the Lake (TV miniseries) - (Top of the Lake-China Girl) - The Power of the Dog - The Auteurs #25: Jane Campion

© thevoid99 2013

Elizabeth (1998 film)

Originally Written and Posted at Epinions.com on 7/16/07 w/ Additional Edits & Revisions.

Directed by Shekhar Kapur and written by Michael Hirst, Elizabeth tells the story of Elizabeth's early life before she became Queen until she was accused of making murder attempts towards her half-sister Mary. When Elizabeth becomes Queen, she is surrounded by advisors, suitors, and everyone wanting her until she takes control. The film is an exploration as well as a dramatization of Queen Elizabeth's early life before she would assume the persona of being the Virgin Queen as she is played by Cate Blanchett. Also starring Geoffrey Rush, Joseph Fiennes, Christopher Eccleston, Richard Attenborough, Fanny Ardant, Emily Mortimer, Kelly MacDonald, Eric Cantona, Daniel Craig, Vincent Cassel, and in his final film role, Sir John Gielgud. Elizabeth is a powerful, mesmerizing bio-pic.

With England in a state of chaos over religious arguments between Catholics and Protestants, Queen Mary (Kathy Burke) falls ill while giving birth to a child that unfortunately dies as her husband also dies.  With Mary's half-sister Elizabeth set to replace her, Norfolk (Christopher Eccleston) is keen to arrest Elizabeth in his belief that she's part of the Protestant revolt whom she has no part of as she lives a quaint life with her love her Robert Dudley (Joseph Fiennes) and two ladies-in-waiting in Kat (Emily Mortimer) and Isabel (Kelly MacDonald).  After taken to prison with her ladies-in-waiting, Elizabeth is eventually freed when she is summoned to meet her dying sister where Elizabeth is to become the new Queen of England.  With Sir William Cecil (Richard Attenborough) aiding Elizabeth in the deal once Queen Mary dies in 1558, Elizabeth takes the throne as she gets the exiled Francis Walsingham as her advisor.

Still, the state of England is in chaos as they're facing the threat of the Scotland, that is run by Mary of Guise (Fanny Ardant) from France while many try to have the Queen get married to a king for political reasons as she continues to have her time with Dudley.  After a battle against the Scots that goes wrong, Elizabeth has to deal with other lords where she offers them a plan that guarantees her loyalty.  Still, Elizabeth faces assassination attempts as French ambassador Monsieur de Foix (Eric Cantona) suggests that Elizabeth should marry the comical Duke of Anjou (Vincent Cassel).  Instead, the meeting becomes a disaster though Cecil tries to ensure that the Queen must marry to ensure England's security.  After another failed assassination attempt, things get worse when the Pope (John Gielgud) gets involved as he hires the priest John Ballard (Daniel Craig) to assassinate the Queen.

With her relationship with Dudley strained following the assassination attempt as he turns to Spanish ambassador Alvaro de la Quadra (James Frain) for help.  The Queen turns to Walsingham for advice as he would make moves to help ensure England's safety after learning about another assassination attempt involving Ballard, Norfolk, Quadra, Earl of Sussex (Jamie Foreman), and Dudley.  After Walsingham informs Elizabeth, she would make plans that would set the wave for her powerful reign.

While the film is mostly accurate on some parts including the assassination attempts by Norfolk and Mary of Guise. Like many bio-pics before and since, they tend to have serious flaws in terms of dramatic interpretations. Some characters are created fictionally in order to serve as a drama. Yet, screenwriter Michael Hirst does make a fine effort in being true to history as well as basing things on legends. Though some parts tend to be overdramatized including the relationship between Elizabeth and Dudley. Still, the film's direction by Shekhar Kapur is wonderfully observant to show what was going on in England as well as the stories behind the throne.

Notably the scenes of Elizabeth in the aftermath of everything as she becomes the Virgin Queen. The film has a great ending where it was intended to just end with her taking on in this role. Even in a scenario that was similar to the ending of The Godfather. In many ways, this film is more about Elizabeth in an early stage of her life as she becomes Queen. The stuff about her reign however, is another story.

Cinematographer Remi Adefarasin who creates some wonderful lighting schemes from some of the dark, lighting set-ups in the film's earlier sequences to more colorful, spacious sequences in the film's party sequences. Editor Jill Bilcock does some excellent work in the film's editing, notably a scene of Elizabeth rehearsing on what she has to say with the use of jump-cuts to create a bit of humor. Production designer John Myhre and art director Lucy Richardson create wonderfully elaborate set designs for the film's party settings as well as the wonderful use of locations for the castles inside. Costume designer Alexandra Byrne does amazing work with the dresses and suits that looks wonderfully lavish to the period the film is set in. Sound editor Mark Auguste creates tense moments of the film's sound to convey the terror that is coming.

Music composer David Hirschfelder creates an exotic film score ranging from dramatic, orchestral pieces to convey the film's suspense. The film also includes period music ranging from folk music ranging from the use of mandolins, flutes, and such to revel in the period. It's an excellent score that plays to the film's drama.

The cast is wonderfully remarkable with some small parts in roles like Amanda Ryan as Norfolk's lover, Terence Rigby as the treacherous Bishop Gardiner, Edward Hardwicke as the sympathetic Earl of Arundel in an early scene of her arrest, Jamie Foreman as the Earl of Sussex, future British pop singer Lily Allen as a young lady-in-waiting, and two small yet memorable performances from current British favorites Emily Mortimer and Kelly MacDonald as two of Elizabeth's loyal ladies-in-waiting. Daniel Craig is great in an early role as a brutal assassin. James Frain is also good as the corruptive ambassador Quadra who tries to win over the mind of Dudley. Eric Cantona is good as the French ambassador Monsieur de Foix while Kathy Burke is excellent as the hateful Queen Mary I.

In his final film role, Sir John Gielgud is brilliant as a hateful Pope who sees the Queen as a threat. Vincent Cassel is very funny and over-the-top as the Duke of Anjou with his knack to be comical and wear dresses. Fanny Ardant is great as Mary of Guise who tries to take control of Elizabeth while having some charm and wit in her role as she meets Walsingham. Christopher Eccleston is great as the conniving, secretive Norfolk who tries to get rid of the Queen in an attempt to become ruler. Joseph Fiennes is excellent as Robert Dudley, the Queen's lover who tries to deal with the new changes of her life that would ultimately led to his own downfall.

Richard Attenborough is great as Sir Cecil, an old advisor who tries to do what is best for the Queen as only sees his failure despite the Queen's gratitude. The film's best supporting performance easily goes to Geoffrey Rush as the mysterious Walsingham who becomes the Queen's right-hand man as he plans assassinations and such. Rush is just great in playing a dark character who can display charm while being cold at the same time.

Finally, there's Cate Blanchett in what has to be one of her greatest performances. Blanchett brings a wonderfully complex performance as a young, carefree, innocent woman who is aware of her possible role. Displaying the kind of insecurities and flaws that is to come from any woman who is about to rule, Blanchett brings those flaws with a grace that isn't seen much in acting. When she becomes Queen, we see a sense of anger and later, coldness as she develops into a strong woman who is trying to help a country in chaos become strong again. It is indeed a majestic performance from the actress.

Elizabeth is an extraordinary period film from Shekhar Kapur that features a towering performance from Cate Blanchett. Along with great production value and a superb ensemble cast that includes Joseph Fiennes, John Gielgud, Fanny Ardant, Christopher Eccleston, and Geoffrey Rush. It's a film that plays up the grandeur of who Queen Elizabeth was in her early years as well as the people who try to bring her down. In the end, Elizabeth is a marvelous film from Shekhar Kapur.

(C) thevoid99 2012

Julius Caesar (1953 film)

Based on the play by William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar is the story about the death of Rome’s great leader in the hands of conspirators as Romans seek revenge. Written for the screen and directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, the film is a homage to Shakespeare’s play as well as presenting it as a cinematic epic. Starring Marlon Brando, James Mason, John Gielgud, Louis Calhern, Edmond O’Brien, Greer Garson, and Deborah Kerr. Julius Caesar is a compelling film from Joseph L. Mankiewicz.

With Julius Caesar (Louis Calhern) rising into power, not everyone in the Senate is happy about this as Cassius (John Gielgud) conspires to rid of Caesar. After convincing Marcus Brutus (James Mason) to join in assassinating Caesar, Brutus isn’t sure as he adores Caesar though doesn’t agree with Caesar’s ambitions. After a series of meetings where Casca (Edmond O’Brien) joins the group, Brutus remains unsure as his wife Portia (Deborah Kerr) is suspicious about his behavior. After Caesar’s wife Calpurnia (Greer Garson) has a nightmare thinking that Caesar would be killed, Caesar decides to attend the Senate meeting where he is eventually killed and betrayed by Brutus. Mark Antony (Marlon Brando) witnesses the aftermath as he confronts Brutus and Cassius over what they did as he later vows revenge.

After a speech in which Antony talks about Caesar to the Romans, war emerges as Antony and Octavius (Douglass Watson) lead a revolt against Cassius and Brutus. Still haunted by his actions, Brutus deals with his own issues as the ghost of Caesar emerges. Wanting to move the army, they’re ambushed by Antony’s men prompting Cassius and Brutus to realize their fates.

The film is a dramatic telling of Shakespeare’s play of tragedy and political conspiracy that is created for the screen. While a lot of Shakespeare’s dialogue and setting is there, Joseph L. Mankiewicz’s screenplay tends to draw out some of the monologue a little too long in some scenes. Notably in the film’s first half where the conspirators make their plans where some of the monologue is engaging but at times, they tend to drag out the story. By the time the film moves into its second half, the story becomes much looser once battle starts to emerge as well as Brutus’ internal conflicts.

Mankiewicz’s direction is wonderful for the way he captures the actors with amazing close-ups and creating wide shots for some crowd scenes. Notably in the scenes where characters like Brutus, Cassius, and Antony give their respective monologues as the camera is always on them. While there’s some great direction in these monologues, the only problem is that at times. They go out for a little too long as there’s not enough interaction between characters in those scenes with the exception of Antony’s speech to the crowd. For the film’s second half involving the war, Mankiewicz does create some entrancing scenes where it involves cloudy grounds to express the sense of dread that occurs. Overall, Mankiewicz creates a solidly-crafted film that plays true to William Shakespeare’s theatrical setting.

Cinematographer Joseph Ruttenberg does excellent work with the film‘s black and white cinematography to capture the gorgeous setting of the Roman Empire along with wonderful interior shots of the Senate Halls in the film‘s climatic assassination scene. Editor John Dunning does nice work with the editing to use dissolves and fade-outs to help smooth out the transition while a lot of the cutting is very straightforward. Art directors Edward C. Carfagno and Cedric Gibbons, with set decorators Hugh Hunt and Edwin B. Willis, do brilliant work with the set pieces such as the Senate Hall and palaces the characters live in during the time of the Romans.

Costume designer Herschel McCoy does terrific work with the making of the robes many of the characters wear along with the armor for the climatic battle scene towards the end of the film. Sound mixer Robert Shirley does superb work with the sound from the way the swords move in the assassination scenes to the atmosphere of the crowd scenes. The film’s score by Miklos Rozsa is very good for its bombastic orchestral pieces for some of the film’s key intense moments along with more serene pieces for some of the film’s calmer moments.

The casting by Mel Ballerino is remarkable for the ensemble that is created as it includes appearances from John Hardy as Brutus’ young aide Lucius, Richard Hale as the blind soothsayer who warns Caesar early in the film, Alan Napier as Cicero, and Douglass Watson as Octavius. Other notable small roles include Deborah Kerr in a small but memorable performance as Brutus’ concerned wife Portia and Greer Garson in a very good performance as Caesar’s fearful wife Calpurnia. Edmond O’Brien is wonderful as Cassius’ friend Casca who takes part in the assassination plot while Louis Calhern is terrific in his small role as Julius Caesar.

James Mason is excellent as the conflicted Brutus who loves Caesar as he’s manipulated into killing him only to become consumed with guilt over what he’s done. John Gielgud is brilliant as the manipulative Cassius whose biting monologue about ambition and chaos has him stealing the film from nearly everyone. Finally, there’s Marlon Brando as Mark Antony where Brando gets a chance to show his skills as a theatrical actor while spouting great monologues with an intensity that is almost un-matched by everyone as it’s one of his essential performances.

Julius Caesar is a stellar yet engrossing film from Joseph L. Mankiewicz thanks in part to the thrilling performances of Marlon Brando, John Gielgud, and James Mason. While it isn’t a perfect film due to a few pacing issues, it is still a film that anyone interesting in acting must see. Notably for the monologues given by masters like Gielgud and Brando where they each give great lessons in the art of acting. In the end, Joseph L. Mankiewicz’s take on William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar is a fantastic film for anyone that is interested in the art of acting.

Joseph L. Mankiewicz Films: (Dragonwyck) - (Somewhere in the Night) - (The Late George Apley) - (The Ghost and Mrs. Muir) - (Escape (1948 film)) - (A Letter to Three Wives) - (House of Strangers) - (No Way Out (1950)) - All About Eve - (People Will Talk) - (5 Fingers) - (The Barefoot Contessa) - (Guys and Dolls) - (The Quiet American (1958)) - (Cleopatra) - (Carol for Another Christmas) - (The Honey Pot) - (There Was a Crooked Man…) - (Sleuth)

© thevoid99 2012

The Elephant Man

Originally Written and Posted at Epinions.com on 2/11/10 w/ Additional Edits.

Joseph Merrick is known mostly as the Elephant Man due to a rare, congenital disorder around his face and body.  Treated like an animal in Victorian-era England, it was due to the meeting of a physician named Frederick Treves where Merrick was treated like a human.  Though he would die at age 27 in 1890, his story was considered a source of inspiration.  In 1979, a play about Merrick, though they changed his name to John, became a hit on Broadway which included a 1980 performance run by David Bowie.  Among those watching that play was Mel Brooks who decided to develop a film version on Merrick's story as he teamed up with one of his new favorite directors in David Lynch.  The duo would create what is considered one of the finest tearjerkers in cinema simply called The Elephant Man.

Directed by David Lynch with a script written by Lynch, Eric Bergen, & Christopher De Vore based on the books by Frederick Treves and Ashley Montagu.  The Elephant Man tells the story of Frederick Treves' discovery of John Merrick from a circus sideshow as he rescues and later show him humanity.  Even as Merrick would receive acceptance from the rich world of Victorian society England as well as the prejudice of others in a complex yet harrowing film.  Starring John Hurt, Anthony Hopkins, Freddie Jones, Anne Bancroft, Wendy Hiller, Hannah Gordon, Michael Elphick, & John Gielgud.  The Elephant Man is a harrowing yet powerful film from David Lynch.

Frederick Treves (Anthony Hopkins), a surgeon, walks around in a London carnival in the late 1800s as he looks around for interesting things.  He follows a policeman to a place where they hold circus freaks where among them is the mysterious Elephant Man.  Presenting the Elephant Man is a brutish promoter named Bytes (Freddie Jones) as Treves wants to see the Elephant Man up close.  With help from Bytes' young assistant (Dexter Fletcher), Treves finally sees the Elephant Man (John Hurt) in the flesh as he wants to examine physically.  Treves unveils the man to fellow physicians as the Elephant Man whose name is John Merrick is seen as a phenomenon of sorts.

Upon returning to Bytes, Merrick is suddenly beaten where he is ill as Treves decides to treat him after realizing how ill Merrick is.  With reluctant help from chief nurse Mrs. Mothershead (Wendy Hiller), Treves tries to communicate with Merrick while making reports to his superior in Mr. Carr Gomm (John Gielgud) as slowly, Merrick starts to talk.  When Treves presents Merrick to Gomm, Gomm isn't impressed until he hears Merrick recite Psalm 23.  Realizing that he is a man of intelligence and sophistication, Treves introduces him to various people of Victorian society as he is moved to a suite.  While Mrs. Mothershead might believe that it isn't a good idea.  Treves believes that introducing to people of importance might give Merrick acceptance.

After introducing Merrick to his wife Ann (Hannah Gordon), Treves learns that Merrick's most valuable possession is a picture of his mother that leaves Ann overwhelmed with emotion.  Another visit from an important member of Victorian society in actress Madge Kendal (Anne Bancroft) left an indelible impression on Merrick as the two red lines from Romeo & Juliet.  Despite these visits and Mrs. Mothershead's warning, Treves realizes that he might set Merrick up for trouble as he is aware that not everyone will accept Merrick as who he is.  Even as a night porter (Michael Elphick) gets people to view Merrick in his deformed state where one night also included Bytes who takes him back to his freak show.  Realizing that Merrick was abducted, Treves feels responsible as he confronts the night porter while Merrick would eventually escape Treves with help from fellow freaks as he returns to London where he's chased by a mob of people as he screams words of who he is as Treves wonders if he did the right thing in introducing Merrick to the world.

The film does have strong themes about prejudice and acceptance but it's really about the relationship between Frederick Treves and John Merrick.  Treves is a man who is intrigued by Merrick as he wants to examine him and show him to the world.  Yet, as his character develops.  He becomes a man aware that he might be doing something wrong in exploiting Merrick's deformed condition along with the fact that not everyone will accept him.  Treves is a complex character and unlike the brutish Bytes, is a man who is willing to treat Merrick like a human being instead of a freak.

Merrick himself, is a character that is just as interesting as he is revealed more and more to be a man of great intelligence and sophistication.  The reason he doesn't speak early in the film is because he plays dumb as a defense mechanism where once he recites Psalm 29, Merrick is unveiled for who he really is outside of his deformed state.  That moments ends the first act where the second act has him being introduced to people of high society while being accepted by nurses who were scared at him at first.  The film's third act is the night porter exploiting Merrick to various people and Bytes' return to reaffirm the idea that not everyone will accept Merrick that would later feature a climatic moment where Merrick screams "I am not an animal, I'm a human being" after being chased by an angry mob of people.

The script written by David Lynch, Eric Bergen, and Christopher De Vore is truly superb in its structure as well as characters who are just as interesting as the two main characters.  Particularly Mrs. Mothershead who is a conscience of sorts despite being a very hard, no-nonsense woman.  There's also Madge Kendal who finds the soul and beauty behind the deformity of Merrick as she becomes this warm, maternal kind of figure who has more compassion than the people Merrick would meet from high society.

While the screenplay is full of memorable characters, plot developments, and a fascinating structure.  It's David Lynch's direction that makes the film more mesmerizing than the story itself.  While he maintains something simpler in a lot of scenes that are shot in London including intimate scenes where characters interact along with Merrick building a model of a cathedral.  Lynch does pull in some amazing yet surreal visual sequences including an opening scene of a woman being attacked by an elephant.  Lynch's visual style is truly hypnotic while using close-ups to convey the sense of strong emotion without being too manipulative or too sentimental.  More intense sequences have a rhythm where Lynch is very engaging into what is happening though he knows where not to use a close-up.  The overall work Lynch does is magnificent as it shows a young director utilizing his talents to create a visually entrancing yet heart wrenching film.

Cinematographer Freddie Francis does spectacular work with the film's black-and-white photography.  Francis' photography has a sense of beauty for the scenes at the hospital and high-class places while in the poor side of London.  It's very ugly and there's a sense of grit to the way it looks and feel.  Even in some of the surreal imagery, there's a mixture of both as Francis's photography is phenomenal.  Editor Anne V. Coates does an amazing job with the film's editing from straightforward jump-cut and transitions to some fantastic work in the use of dissolves.  Notably some slow-motion, half-speed cuts for the film's opening sequence and layered dissolves to convey the dreams that Merrick and Treves would have.

Production designer Stuart Craig and art director Robert Cartwright do excellent work with the look of late 19th Century hospitals and buildings along with the look of the decayed carnival and freak shows that is displayed where Treves encounters in the beginning of the film.  Lynch's longtime costume designer Patricia Norris does brilliant work with the period-setting costumes from the suits and tuxedos the men wearing including John Hurt as Merrick and the dresses that is true to authentic to that period.  The make-up design by Christopher Tucker is really one of the film's technical highlights for recreating the head and body of the Elephant Man as it is truly amazing for its design and sense of beauty behind the deformity of the man itself.

Sound editor Peter Horrocks along with longtime Lynch collaborator Alan Splet on sound design and sound effects do great work in sound work for the film.  With Lynch also doing sound design, the film has a sense of atmosphere to convey the world that Merrick is surrounded by including the dream sequences that has a haunting feel as the sound work is truly brilliant.  The music of John Morris is wonderful for its plaintive yet lush orchestral sound to convey the sense of emotion of the film.  Even in some upbeat scenes along with dreamy sequences and intense moments as Morris' score is superb.

The casting by Maggie Cartier is amazing for its array of actors that include small appearances from Kenny Baker as a dwarf who helps Merrick escape, David Ryall as a drunken man with a pair of hookers, Tony London as a young porter, and in dual roles of Merrick's mother, Phoebe Nicholls and Lydia Lisle.  Other notable small roles include Lesley Dunlop as the nurse Nora, John Standing as an associate of Treves, Hannah Gordon as Treves' wife Ann, Helen Ryan as Princess Alex of Wales, and a young Dexter Fletcher as Bytes' young apprentice.  Michael Elphick is excellent as a sleazy night porter who wants to exploit Merrick for profit while Freddie Jones is superb as the brutish yet disgusting Bytes who treats Merrick as a freak only to hate him more after he abducts him.

Wendy Hiller is phenomenal as the hard-nosed Mothershead, a chief nurse who is organized while being friendly to Merrick despite her disciplined, stern persona as she is real standout.  Anne Bancroft is superb in a cameo role of sorts as Madge Kendal, a stage actress who helps Merrick find his inner beauty.  John Gielgud is great as Carr Gomm, Treves' superior who isn't impressed by Merrick until hearing him recite Psalm 23 as he finds Merrick a fascinating figure while giving him a home at the hospital.

Anthony Hopkins is amazing as the sympathetic Frederick Treves, a doctor who is horrified by Merrick and his condition along with the way he is treated.  Hopkins' calm yet compassionate performance is truly mesmerizing in how he is trying to be balance in being a doctor and a man.  Even as Treves is aware that he might be like Bytes in exploiting Merrick as Hopkins shows that even someone as good as Treves can be flawed as it's one of Hopkins' finest roles.  Finally there's John Hurt in what is definitely his greatest role of his career.  Though he is hiding under heavy makeup, Hurt's haunting portrayal of a man seen as a monster is heart wrenching in the way Hurt plays him both physically and emotionally.  There's a bit of charm and kindness to his role as it's definitely a brilliant performance for the famed, veteran actor.

The Elephant Man is an entrancing yet haunting film from David Lynch featuring two superb performances from Anthony Hopkins and John Hurt.  The film is one that is hard to watch at first but it has a great emotional payoff at the end as it truly earns its reputation as a great weepie.  Fans of David Lynch will no doubt consider this to be one of his finest films while in comparison to the rest of his film work.  It's one of his most accessible despite the fact that he is one of cinema's most unconventional auteurs.  In the end, The Elephant Man is a heartbreaking yet powerful drama from David Lynch.

David Lynch Films: Eraserhead - Dune - Blue Velvet - Wild at Heart - Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me - Lost Highway - The Straight Story - Mulholland Dr. - INLAND EMPIRE

The Short Films of David Lynch Pt. 1 - The Short Films of David Lynch Pt. 2 - The Music Videos of David Lynch

The Auteurs #50: David Lynch: Pt. 1 - Pt. 2 - Pt. 3 - Pt. 4

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